academic definitions of the various forms of liberalism

Liberalism as an ideology can take many forms. This posts lists out the defnitions of the various forms it can take. The definitions are currently taken from Andrew Heywood’s Political Ideologies (2012). In the future, more sources will be taken into account.

classical liberalism

A tradition within liberalism that seeks to maximize the realm of unconstrained individual action, typically by establishing a minimal state and a reliance on market economics. (Heywood 2012, p. 26)

modern liberalism

A tradition within liberalism that provides (in contrast to classical liberalism) a qualified endorsement for social and economic intervention as a means of promoting personal development. (Heywood 2012, p. 26)

commercial liberalism

A form of liberalism that emphasizes the economic and international benefits of free trade, leading to mutual benefit and general prosperity, as well as peace among states. (Heywood 2012, p. 60)

republican liberalism

A form of liberalism that highlights the benefits of republican government and, in particular, emphasizes the link between democracy and peace. (Heywood 2012, p. 60)

References

Heywood, D. (2012). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Basingstoke: Open University Press.